Anti

The first thing that we can see is the slogan in the top right saying "stop importing poverty. -- Amnesty Euphemism" we are easily able to identify this with anti-immigration. 
The website is simply easy to navigate with everything that you need on the first page.

The language seen does come across to be quite hostile in the way they regard immigrants. This use of language singles out immigrants from others due to the way they are regarded. There are links to articles on the first page which have key things in them that they have placed above them. However, instead of viewing the article in giving balanced points, it claims all the negativity when saying things such as ""Immigration concerns surged in July, while economic mentions ebbed” or the referral to immigrants being 'aliens'.

Overall, I feel that the website did have some articles that really gave their stance on immigration but I feel that they could have included more information in regards to who they are and their organization. 


PRO

This page opens up with a statement that says "Latinos Progresdando delivers high-quality information and resources for people to build secure, healthy and productive lives." This is their mission which is forever ongoing as the website is there to offer support and help to families that are in difficult positions.
We see a slide show which we see runs and events taking place in order to help raise money for immigrants and create awareness for the issue. Any awards they have been given can be seen through the slide show too.

Now, not only (when you scroll down) is there a page for 'immigration legal services' but this website also offers programs on Arts and Culture and Community Development. This would help those with being able to fit into the community much securely.  
One of the articles we see is how the website has helped a woman who was struggling to get a green card. Afer bring denied one due to being filed prematurely, the latinospro.org stepped in to help file her adjustment for a resident status. 

When browsing around the website, we are able to see what the website has on offer. They promote walk-ins at their office as well as pages on how they help families, Legal education and a Domestic Violence program to help those in abusive situations. 

This website does it's best to show the world the positive idea of pro-latino-immigration with a generally more open mind in approaching the Latino/American relationship. However, this website does lack numerical facts and figures which I feel would sell the page to the reader.
Scrolling down, we see 'illegal aliens' being mentioned which is seen as a referral to the illegal immigrants in the US. It is fair to say that although they do not specifically target latinos, they are fully against immigration. 





http://www.nciraction.org/
http://latinospro.org/our-story/

Latino Immigration

Pro and Anti-Latino Immigration

Pro-Latino Immigration: The Chelsea Latino Immigrant Committee

An organisation that is pro Latino immigration to the United States, and seeks to help assimilate Latinos into American society, is the Chelsea Latino Immigrant Committee (CLIC).

This is a branch off the umbrella organisation ‘The Chelsea Collaborative’. Founded in 1988, they are dedicated to helping and improving the lives of Latino immigrants in Chelsea, MA. According to their website, their main ‘mission’ is to focus on ‘enhancing’ the economic, social and environmental health of the community and its citizens. They particularly advocate against exploitation in the workplace and seek to improve position of Latino immigrants.

Furthermore, they have had significant achievements that have developed the standard of living for Latino immigrants. Some of which have included:

-      Assimilating over 65% of families in the area into governmental systems; including schools and healthcare to name a few

-      Improving the education of children

-      Proving grants and benefits to local citizens, and helping them both to ‘stay in their homes and fight back against predatory loans’

Building on this, the organisation have also excelled at creating essential programmes to help Latino immigrants, and to support them in ordinary suburban life. A few have included:

-      The Chelsea Voter Initiative

-      The Chelsea Latino Immigrant Committee

-      The Chelsea Citywide Tenants Organisation

An important way to identity how the organisation really has helped Latino immigrants, is to reflect on its victories within the community. For example:

-      Winning thousands of dollars back for work exploitation and violations for those affected fraudulent crimes, because they were immigrants

-      Helping to ensure the community knows their rights as immigrants

-      Joined the Attorney’s fair wage campaign

-      Links with the Reform Employment Agency Law to (REAL) for protection for temporary and day labourers.

In summary, while this organisation and website is a focus group on the Chelsea are, they really are pro-Latino immigration and emphasise on equal rights. They may be a smaller organisation in comparison to others, however their campaigning on behalf of the Latino community has proved to be both influential and effective.

Anti-Latino Immigration: The Social Contract Press

Another website which suggests anti-Latino sentiment is the Social Contract Press (TSCP). It is a website that has online books and journal articles.

What suggests that it is anti-Latino immigration is from some of the potentially racist works that it has published previously. Some of which have included the reprint of ‘The Camp of the Saints’ (1973) about the end of Western Civilisation, and also the ‘Turner Diaries’ which hold connotations with white supremacy.

The editor John H. Tanton is the publisher for the Social Contract Press, and he is also the founder of the American Immigration Reform. This was an effort in 1996 to add an anti-immigration plank. He even suggested that “we are the real Americans”… “not the Hmong, not Latinos, not the Siberian-Americans”.[1]

Therefore, while many may see the 21^st Century as a progressive era, there are those who do not support the immigration of Latinos, or the assimilation of them into society.

Sources:

http://www.chelseacollab.org/who-we-are/programs/chelsea-latino-immigrant-committee

http://www.thesocialcontract.com/info/about_the_social_contract.html

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2001/anti-immigration-groups

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[1] https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2001/anti-immigration-groups

Latino Immigration

MALDEF

The Mexican American Legal Defence and Educational Fund is an organisation operating from four regional offices in Los Angeles, CA, San Antonio, TX, Chicago, IL and Washington D.C. It works to protect the rights of Latino immigrants throughout the US. It was founded in 1968 and is described as the nation's leading Latino legal civil rights organisation. The mission statement explains that MALDEF aims to promote social change through advocacy, communications, community education and litigation in the areas of education, employment, immigrant rights and political access.

There are a number of ways in which MALDEF aims to meet this mission statement. They try to implement programmes which bring Latinos into central American life, politically, socially and economically. They also aim to provide better educational opportunities for Latinos, encourage participation in all aspects of society and offer a positive vision for the future which Latinos can strive for and work towards. These are several ways in which they are able to improve the lives of Latino immigrants and help with the assimilation of Latinos into American life.

MALDEF has also been successful in its work in the US courts. They have fought a number of successful cases at all levels which have helped reinforce and maintain the rights of Latino immigrants. They fought and won two major supreme court cases. The first of which was Plyler v. Doe in 1982. This case saw MALDEF win a decision that struck down a state law in Texas that allowed districts to alter educational funding for children of undocumented immigrants. This victory opened up doors in terms of education for many immigrants and their children.

FAIR

The Federation for American Immigration Reform is an organisation that seeks to influence and gain support for immigration reform in the US. They are a non-profit, non-partisan organisation that believes that American immigration laws need to be reformed in order to better serve the needs of current and future generations of Americans. They have support from almost 50 private business and 1.3 million diverse members and supporters. They work for their supporters in the absence of party alliances or connections with special interest groups. They have been a leading force in advocating immigration reform for over 35, offering solutions and ideas on reform.

The mission statement of explains that FAIR aims to educate and increase public awareness of immigration issues, as well as offering solutions, holding politicians and leaders accountable and ensuring that the public's voice is heard. They wish to bring immigration in the US to a more reasonable level, wishing to reduce the number of legal immigration from 1 million a year to 300,000 a year while working to eliminate illegal immigration. They believe that this is best for America as it allows America to more sensibly manage its growth, address its environmental needs and provide  better quality of life for Americans. They achieve all of this by advocating and offering policies that they believe but American citizens first as opposed big business and special interest groups

Sources
https://maldef.org/
http://www.fairus.org/

US Border Control Concerns

https://www.wola.org/analysis/not-national-security-crisis-u-s-mexico-border-humanitarian-concerns-seen-el-paso/

This website, as a website advocating human rights across the world, naturally appears to be pro-immigration, and in this case, an entire report has been written out explaining in detail the Latin-American immigration issue, specifically Mexico, in this case.

The organisation that runs the website, WOLA, or the Washington Office in Latin America, was founded in 1974 by a series of church leaders, who's ulterior mission was, in their own words, "not to 'represent' Latin Americans but to give them access in the United States to those making the policies that had such a profound impact on their lives". Arguably, that mission is still going on today, but WOLA itself has changed. It is now "a leading research and advocacy organisation advancing human rights in Latin America", and one area it seems to be focussing on in this day and age is the ever-recurring topic of Latino immigration.

The report goes into great detail about the intricacies of Latino immigration, specifically in the area of El Paso. Many figures are provided as evidence for the report's reasoning, and a few of the most important figures are as follows:

• In 2016, 408,870 migrants were apprehended at the US border, showing a marked decrease in overall undocumented migration, to the point where undocumented migration levels are at a similar level to what they were in the 1970s.
• Furthering the above point, overall numbers of Mexican migrants have fallen to 1970s levels, and between 2004 and 2015, each subsequent year had fewer migrants than the year that preceded it.
• The violent crime rate at the border has decreased to the point where it is the lowest in the nation, and the crime rate on the Mexican side of the border has decreased similarly.

The report itself does its best to be non-biased, however by focussing on making the Mexican immigration issues not as bad as Americans think they are (which is true if the figures aren't lying), the report follows the trend of the rest of the website by promoting an idea of pro-Latino-immigration, and a generally more open, tolerant mind-set to approaching Latino/American relations. However, despite leaning more towards pro-immigration, the report, and the website as a whole, provide plenty of points, backed up with sources, for the upsides to increased immigration, making it an effective advocacy website.

http://www.cfr.org/immigration/us-immigration-debate/p11149

This article, in a not too dissimilar fashion to the WOLA report, attempts to remain as non-biased as possible, going into detail regarding the issues surrounding immigration, the history of the debate, and the many facts and figures which make up the US immigration debate.

The CFR, or Council on Foreign Relations, labels itself as an 'independent, nonpartisan membership organisation, think tank and publisher'. Like WOLA, the CFR (supposedly) has links with US politicians and other world leaders, and informing the public of national foreign policy. Formed in 1921, the CFR's diverse range of accomplishments, ranging from publishing Foreign Affairs, a leading journal of international policy and US foreign policy, to convening meetings with various high-level politicians from the US and across the globe to ensure important political matters are discussed and resolved.

The article goes on to talk about the issues presented by immigration, talking about the immigrant population, how the American public feels about immigration, legal or otherwise, and how various political figures and authorities have acted (or failed to act) on what the CFR presents to them. Such facts include:

• After the 2008 economic crisis, the undocumented population lessened from 11 million, and the crisis discouraged others from going into the United States.
• Immigrants and their US-born children make up around 27% of the population of the United States.
• In a 2016 Gallop poll, a surprising 72% of the American population found immigration to be a benefit to the United States, with 84% saying that undocumented immigrants could be let in if they meet certain requirements.

Although this article is almost completely non-biased, in my opinion it leans both pro and anti-immigration, seemingly favouring the anti-immigration stance. This is because it makes heavy reference to Trump and his nigh-radical policies regarding immigration, particularly Mexican immigration, and the article also suggests that something needs to be done about the current immigration situation, even going so far as to suggest a reform. This implies that CFR believes that immigration is getting out of control and needs to be limited, although not necessarily stopped.

Pro and Anti Latino Immigration

Pro Latino Immigration

The 'National Council of La Raza' is the USA's largest Latino advocacy, nonprofit group and was founded in 1968. This date is significant as it coincides with the stage of the African American Civil Rights movement, where young African Americans were encouraged to find out about their heritage and take pride in their cultural background. Along with the African American movement, there was also a lot of activity from other minority groups in the US, such as the East L.A. walkouts of 1968 (also known as the Chicano Blowouts), which were organised with the goals of bilingual bi-cultural education, with more Latino teachers, smaller class sizes and overall improvement of the quality of education available to Latino youths. With 1968 such an active year for Civil Rights, it is no surprise that the 'National Council of La Raza' was established in order to "create opportunities and open the door to the American Dream for Latino and other families".

This website is extremely easy to navigate and clearly identifies the issues with which it deals. The issues addressed include: 'Civil Rights & Criminal Justice', 'Economy', 'Education', 'Health', 'Immigration', 'Voting' and 'Youth'. It is most clear when reading the 'Immigration' section, that this website is not just for Latinos to use. There is a link entitled, 'what you should know when dealing with immigration enforcement officers', which suggests that the majority of readers may be Latinos worried about what to do if confronted by the border authorities. However, there are also areas that aim to inform outsiders on the positive implications of the immigration of Latinos, suggesting they expect people of all races and backgrounds to view their website. There is a section called, 'Seven ways immigrants enrich our economy and society', which does this. The use of 'our' in this title, highlights this websites views towards Latinos and assimilation into the US. They want Latinos to be viewed as a respected part of US society without any stereotypes or prejudice towards them. 

This website does an excellent job of discussing and assisting Latinos in the wider context of the USA. There is a link entitled, 'In USA Today', which is a news forum of the activities relating to Latinos in the USA. However, it does not only focus on Latinos, as they recognise the importance of assimilation into American society, without diminishing the heritage and history of Latinos. This is important as it suggests their goal is not entirely one sided, as it incorporates the needs of people crossing different races and backgrounds.

Anti Latino Immigration

The 'Minuteman Civil Defence Corps' does not state that it is 'anti Latino'. However, with features on its website, such as an 'illegal alien' counter, which supposedly shows the live numbers of illegal immigrants in the US, it is fair to say that it is not overly fond of Latino immigration to the US. They take their name from a colonial militia who were so named because they were said to always be ready 'at a minute's notice'. Immediately from viewing their introductory page, it is evident that this group attempt to get support through displaying their patriotism. Behind the image of an original Minuteman is a the US flag. The Minuteman appears as if he is protecting the flag, and it is important to note that this Minuteman is armed. Contrary to this depiction, the contemporary Minutemen do not, or at least do not disclose, the use of force when fulfilling their purpose. Indeed, their mission statement states that they will "employ all means of civil protest, demonstration, and political lobbying" in order to secure the US' borders and coastal boundaries against any illegal immigrants. The use of the gun with the original Minuteman, along with the barbed wire, probably highlights the groups limitations and perhaps the contrast of what they could want to be and what they are able to be in reality. It implies that back in the 'good ol' days' of the original Minutemen, it would have been much simpler to deal with issues such as unwanted immigration, as they would have been able to use force and not be questioned. However, in reality they are restricted by constitutional laws. It would be unwise for this group to break these laws, as they are supposed to be in favour of upholding immigration laws themselves, so it would be hypocritical to break other laws.

The language used on this website is often fairly aggressive and forced upon the reader. In their 'about us' section, which is at first difficult to find due to the basic and underdeveloped way in which the website has been set up, the reader's views are already decided for them  by the group. An example of this is when it says, "you are considering joining in this activist protest because you are done talking". There is practically an entire page with this type of language, which is incredibly hard to read without feeling patronised. However, for many middle to old aged Southern men, this patronising garbage is likely to be viewed as patriotic and as a rallying cry to join the Minutemen. The use of 'you', which is mentioned almost every other word on the page, gives the impression that it is up to the reader to act on the issues they mention. The general issues mentioned are that too many people are entering the US illegally and the Minutemen feel the government are focusing too heavily on endeavours abroad, so they do not have the resources to do so. As previously mentioned, this website is not explicitly hostile towards Latinos. However the fact that the majority of their issues surround the Southern border, they are evidently the 'illegal aliens' that they mention so often. 

References:

http://www.nclr.org/

http://www.minutemanhq.com/

http://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/east-los-angeles-students-walkout-educational-reform-east-la-blowouts-1968
https://www.nps.gov/mima/learn/education/who-were-the-minute-men.htm

Anti and Pro Latino immigration

Pro-Latino

Latinos Progresando was founded by Luis Gutierrez, who was just 24 and working as a volunteer. He is the son of Mexican immigrants and was born in the southwest Chicago's Little Village, one of the largest Mexican communities in the Midwest. This organisation is led by Latinos, and have an area focused on those immigrants suffering from domestic violence. Latinos Progresando strives to deliver "high quality information and resources for people to build secure, healthy, and productive lives."

This organisation have 3 principles which they stand by:

1) "An injustice to any community is an injustice to our community. Social justice comes from collaborating around diverse causes, even those that don't directly affect us."

This shows a wider range of support outside of Latino people, meaning that this can draw in more support from other races as they can get support as well, even though this organisation is mostly focused on immigrants in america.

2) "Every decision we make must be based on what is best for our communities, not just on what is best for our organization or any one individual."

This is similar to the first principle in the fact that they are focused on everyone and not just what is best for the organisation or a certain individual, meaning that this will appeal to more people. 

3) "We do everything the best we can, because helping our communities achieve excellence means using and attentively refining our best practices."

This shows that they will do whatever it takes help others in need, and not just have set rules or programs in place that are limited to certain people.

This organisation helps those immigrants in distress and gives support to all immigrants, including Latino immigrants, and look to give all immigrants the right information they need to make the best of their lives in America. 

Anti-Latino

Americans for immigrant control opens with the statement that they are a "American non-partisan grassroots activist organization" and that they are an organisation with "all races, creeds, and colors". They have a quarter of a million members, this showing that they have a lot of support and there could be emphasis that this is a widespread goal of a lot of Americans of all races, and that due to the amount of supporters, it will gain them more supporters.

AIC was founded in 1983, with it's aim of "stopping the millions of illegal aliens who sneak across our border from Mexico every year". This shows the views the people of this organisation and how strongly they feel about Latino immigrants crossing the border into america. They say that they want to deport "those illegal aliens already in the U.S." The referencing to the Latino immigrants as 'aliens' shows that they believe that these people are not human. This compares to language used against African Americans, as they were and sometimes still are refereed to as aliens.

AIC want to make it harder for illegal immigrant to get through the border and for them to have harder access to jobs, as they most likely feel that these immigrants are stealing their jobs, even though these immigrants will be getting the lowest paid jobs on offer.

Members of this organisation believe that this is an "immigration crisis", and want to alert as many people as possible to rally support for this cause, including going on radio talk shows and TV programs to "alert the nation". They also publish and give out letters, petitions, and postcard campaigns to "promote secure border control", showing how against this organisation is to Latino's.

Ragged Dick

Beauchamp discusses the success of Alger's Ragged Dick, and how after his success he writes many more books along the same theme as ragged dick: 'a poor but honest lad who, through grit, idunstry and some well deserved luck, pulls himself up from poverty and into middle class'.

John swansburg states that "industry, frugality, a penchant for self-improvement—which set him apart from the ne’er-do-wells and confidence men who populate his adventures in the streets of New York. But these attributes merely qualify the Alger hero for success; they don’t produce it."

Cara Erdheim talks of how “Alger traced the rise of his boy heroes from penury to middle-class respectability.”